Example : The wine left a dark stain.

Synonyms : discoloration, discolouration

Synonyms : dirt, filth, grease, grime, grunge, soil

Example : And the Lord set a mark upon Cain.

Synonyms : brand, mark, stigma

Example : He made a huge blot on his copybook.

Synonyms : blot, smear, smirch, spot

Example : Stain this table a beautiful walnut color.
People knew how to stain glass a beautiful blue in the middle ages.

Example : Red wine stains the table cloth.

Example : The silver was tarnished by the long exposure to the air.
Her reputation was sullied after the affair with a married man.

Synonyms : defile, maculate, sully, tarnish

Example : The laboratory worker dyed the specimen.